Saudi Arabia - joining the dots

A series of blog entries exploring Saudi Arabia's role in the oil markets with a brief look at the history of the royal family and politics that dictate and influence the Kingdom's oil policy

AIM - Assets In Market

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Iran negotiations - is the end nigh?

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Yemen: The Islamic Chessboard?

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Acquisition Criteria

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Valuation Series

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Wednesday 10 October 2018

Soco acquires Egypt-focussed Merlon Petroleum

SOCO is rebuilding its business with the proposed USD215 million acquisition of Merlon Petroleum.

Merlon will significantly diversify the SOCO business adding Egypt as a new base from which to build a MENA portfolio. The acquisition will double SOCO's 2P reserves and production through the addition of 24mmbbl of oil.

Merlon's key asset is its 100% interest in the El Fayum licence which currently produces at c.7,000bbopd. The block contains 37mmbbl of contingent resources for SOCO to exploit which could take production beyond 15,000bopd. Furthermore, the northern area of the block is unexplored which SOCO will be keen to go after - management has already mapped 20 leads and prospects to be drilled between now and 2020.


The acquisition is to be financed by a mix of cash (up to USD158 million), assumption of debt (USD22 million) and issuance of 66 million new shares to Merlon's existing shareholders. The acquisition is expected to complete in H1 2019.

Thursday 20 September 2018

Verus acquires CIECO's UK North Sea portfolio


Verus has agreed to acquire Cieco Exploration & Production (UK) from parent ITOCHU Corporation for USD400 million. The effective date of the transaction is 1 January 2018.

The acquisition will includes a 23.1% interest in the Western Isles Development Project, a 25.8% interest in the Hudson field, a 2.0% interest in the Brent Pipeline System, and a 1.2% interest in the Sullom Voe terminal. This will add 11mboepd taking Verus' net production to c.18mboepd

The transaction will be funded by a combination of equity, existing cash reserves and debt. Equity will be provided by HitecVision, the majority owner of Verus.

Alan Curran, Chief Executive of Verus Petroleum commented:

"Verus is pleased to have signed this SPA with ITOCHU, which is aligned with our strategy to expand our production base and cash flow through the acquisition of high quality production assets. We are delighted to acquire high value barrels with the Western Isles production in particular having very low lifting costs and being a long-life asset with strong cash generation...

The Western Isles development includes the Harris and Barra oil fields. Production has exceeded expectations since it started in November 2017 and is currently on plateau at in excess of 40,000 boepd, with an estimated field life of 15 years.

HitecVision’s continued support provides Verus with a solid capital base which is a robust foundation for further growth."

Western Isles



The Western Isles project comprises the Harris and Barra fields, located south of Hudson. The two fields have been developed as subsea tie-backs to a new build cylindrical FPSO.  First production was originally envisaged to be in 2015, but delays to the construction of the FPSO topsides meant production was not achieved until November 2017.

Verus has therefore acquired the Western Isles post first oil with a few months of production history. The field is Dana Petroleum's (76.9%) first fully operated full development and therefore a landmark project for Dana.

The field is estimated to contain c.50mmbbl oil and c.2bcf gas, peaking at 40mbopd production. Produced gas will be used for fuel until the field becomes gas deficient at which time it will look to import gas.
Western Isles cylindrical FPSO

Monday 10 September 2018

Valeura's value protected by another gas price increase in Turkey

Valeura has announced that BOTAS, which owns the Turkish natural gas network and imports 82% of Turkey’s gas, has announced a fourth natural gas reference price increase. This increase is 14% (63% compounded so far this year) to around USD5.60-6.00. This increase more than compensates for the recent depreciation in the Turkish Lira by maintaining the gas price in USD broadly unchanged.

On a related note, Valeura has drilled the Yamalik-1 well in the Thrace Basin and production tubing will now be fitted for clean-up and testing.

For the next well, Inanli-1, site construction is progressing with the rig being mobilised in location. Spudding is expected end Q3 2018 targeting 5,000m (800m deeper than Yamalik-1). Inanli-1 is the final earn-in well funded by Equinor, the following two appraisal wells will be funded on a working interest basis.

Once appraisal is complete, development should progress expeditiously given the plentiful gas infrastructure to enable monetisation.


#Inanli #Turkey #Valeura #Yamalik

Friday 7 September 2018

EnQuest acquires remaining Magnus stake

EnQuest has exercised its option to acquire the remaining 75% interest in Magnus from BP, together with an increase in the interests of the Sullom Voe Terminal (to 15.1%), Ninian Pipeline System (to 18.0%) and Northern Leg Gas Pipeline (to 41.9%). The transaction will add c.60mmboe of 2P reserves and 10mmboe of 2C resources.

To fund the transaction, EnQuest is looking to raise USD138 million in a 3-for-7 rights issue at 21p/share, which represents a 46% discount to the closing share price of 6 September 2018.

Monday 3 September 2018

Spirit Energy farms in to Hurricane's Greater Warwick Area

After many years of trying to find a farm-in partner, Hurricane Energy has finally succeeded in bringing in farminee for its Greater Lancaster/Warwick Area in the West of Shetlands.



Hurricane's tough journey had the company combating a falling oil price environment coupled with industry scepticism around its "fractured basement reservoir" plays. In 2017, it ploughed on alone with the sanction of an Early Production System ("EPS") at the Lancaster field without a partner.

With the improving oil price environment and refreshed North Sea corporate landscape, including the likes of Spirit Energy, Hurricane has finally found a partner for its assets. However Hurricane is not giving away its prize of the Lancaster field, instead Spirit Energy is buying into the yet undrilled and untested Warwick prospect and to be appraised Lincoln discovery.

Spirit Energy has farmed into 50% of Lincoln and 50% of Warwick licences, together the Greater Warwick Area (“GWA”) for a committed carry of USD387 million. This transaction is a major stamp of approval for Hurricane and a major step forward ahead of first oil from Lancaster. It also accelerates appraisal of the overall West of Shetland fractured basement play with significant appraisal drilling brought into 2019/20.

Greater Warwick Area is now envisaged to progress as its own separate development to the Greater Lancaster Area, although utilising the same Aoka Mizu FPSO export facilities and infrastructure.

The spending commitment by Spirit Energy will be spread over a number of phases:

  • Phase 1: USD180.6 million carry to drill, log and test three exploration/appraisal wells (2019) including funding the purchase of long lead items and carrying out modifications of the Aoka Mizu
  • Phase 2: USD187.5 million carry (Subject to FID following Phase 1) for 75% of costs for tie back of one of the GWA wells to the Aoka Mizu, FPSO modifications, and tying the vessel into the West of Shetland Pipeline (WOSP) system for gas export
  • Phase 3 and 4: Hurricane will pay its share of the Phase 3 and 4 programme. Phase 3 includes three appraisal wells (2020) and is expected to provide the required well stock for the first phase of a full field development. Phase 4 comprises the front-end engineering and design necessary for the first phase of a full field development of GWA. Upon commencing this phase operatorship is to transfer to Spirit Energy
  • Phase 5: The first phase of a full field development (expected 2021) Spirit Energy will carry between USD150 – 250 million of Hurricane’s costs through the development, dependent on the size of the 2P reserves at FID. Up to 300 mmboe would result in a contingent carry of USD150 million and for each barrel above this level, the contingent carry would increase by $0.50/mmboe, up to a maximum of USD250 million for a development of 500mmboe

#Hurricane #Warwick #Lancaster #Spirit #WOS

Thursday 23 August 2018

Tolmount sanctioned with first gas by end 2020

Premier Oil, Dana Petroleum and Antin has sanctioned the Tolmount gas field in the UK North Sea which is planned to be onstream towards the end of 2020. This represents major project for the partners with 500bcf of gas and plateau production of 300mmcfpd.

This field will further help steer the fortunes of the two upstream partners. Premier Oil is looking for longer term growth projects having been financially constrained for years under a debt mountain and now that Catcher is onstream. For Dana, the company has been strategically lost with its parent KNOC providing minimal guidance over the years.

In progressing this project, Premier Oil has struck a smart deal. Although not necessarily the cheapest form of financing, Premier Oil has been able to secure a deal which massively limits its capex spend on the development. By bringing in Antin to fund its share of the platform and export pipeline to the Easington terminal, it has halved its capex spend to USD120m which will largely be for drilling. In return, Antin will charge a tariff for use of the platform/pipeline transportation from Premier Oil’s share of revenues.

#Premier #KNOC #Dana #Tolmount #NorthSea #Antin

Tuesday 21 August 2018

Energean bearing fruit in the Eastern Med


Energean has published a new CPR highlighting the conversion of 2C resources into 2P reserves at the Karish and Tanin fields. Net 2P reserves for the fields now stands at 298mmboe with 22tcf gas and 32mmbbl liquids (gross) being upgraded. The company’s net 2P reserves including its Greek fields are now at 349mmboe.

A further 0.2tcf gas and 1mmbbl liquids remain in contingent resources relating to the Karish B reservoir and will be upgraded upon successful well production testing.

Energean is now thinking beyond its flagship development project with the recent award of its exploration acreage offshore Israel (Blocks 12, 21-23 and 31). These are estimated to contain 7.5tcf gas and over 100mmbbl liquids prospective resources. This massively enlarges the company’s exploration portfolio beyond the 1.3tcf Karish North prospect being drilled in early 2019. The company has secured an extension on the drilling rig for further exploration drilling should it have matured targets over the next 12 to 18 months.

#Karish #Tanin # Israel #Energean #EastMed #Greece