Saudi Arabia - joining the dots

A series of blog entries exploring Saudi Arabia's role in the oil markets with a brief look at the history of the royal family and politics that dictate and influence the Kingdom's oil policy

AIM - Assets In Market

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Iran negotiations - is the end nigh?

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Yemen: The Islamic Chessboard?

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Acquisition Criteria

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Valuation Series

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Sunday, 18 November 2018

PGNiG expands footprint in Norway


On 18th October PGNiG announced that it had agreed to acquire Equinor's interest in the Tommeliten Alpha gas and condensate field in the Norwegian North Sea. This continues PGNiG's strategy of diversifying its gas supply away from Russia.

PGNiG has always had an interest in Norwegian gas seeing it as as logical and accessible source of gas for Poland. As the long term Russian gas supply contracts come to expiry, PGNiG is making bold moves to secure new sources of gas and LNG. See PGNiG shuns Russian gas.

The operator of the discovery is ConocoPhilips (28.26%), and current partners are Total (20.23%), Eni Norge (9.13%) and Equinor (42.38%) which will sell its entire working interest to PGNiG. The agreed price for Equinor's stake was USD220 million at 1 January 2018 effective date.

The Tommeliten Alpha discovery is located in the vicinity of large, existing fields, most notably the giant Ekofisk field. According to current plans, production is expected to commence in 2024, and the development concept assumes a subsea tie-back to the existing infrastructure on Ekofisk.

Tommeliten Alpha is a gas and condensate field with estimated recoverable resources of 52 mmboe (net to PGNiG's 42.38%). PGNiG believes in an upside potential in the field reserves as well as significant exploration upside in the area.

The field was originally planned to start production in 2019, but development plans were shelved by operator ConocoPhillips in 2016 due to low oil prices.

#PGNiG #NorthSea #TommelitenAlpha # Equinor #Conoco

PGNiG shuns Russian gas

PGNiG is increasingly boldening its signals on shunning Russian gas as it turns to the west. The Polish state has historically been dependent on gas imports from its eastern neighbour but is looking to loosen its reliance to the communist state.

Poland consumes around 17 bcm of gas annually, more than half of which comes from Gazprom under a long-term contract that expires in 2022. It is seeing the upcoming expiry as the opportunity to diversify its gas supply ahead of time and has consistently stressed that Gazprom is charging Poland too much for the gas noting that Russia has taken advantage of the historic lack of other sources of gas which is now changing with the advent of LNG.

Poland has also vehemently opposed plans by Russia to build a new gas pipeline across the Baltic Sea which is aimed at strengthening its dominant market position into Europe. Instead Poland is looking to sanction the Baltic gas pipeline later this year or beginning of 2019 which will bring gas directly from Norway.

The last month has seen a flurry of newsflow around PGNiG’s activity in sourcing new gas.

In mid-October, PGNiG finalised terms with Venture Global for 2mtpa of LNG. It will buy LNG for 20 years on a FOB basis with supplies commencing under two contracts for 2022 and 2023. The FOB contracts are deemed attractive for PGNiG as it can choose to take the LNG to Poland or use it in its trading portfolio. The terms are not disclosed but understood to be in line with other Gulf Coast LNG contracts being 115% x Henry Hub plus a toll of c.USD2.50/mmbtu. Venture Global is currently developing the Calcasieu Pass LNG terminal on the US Gulf Coast.


This has been followed by a 24 year LNG deal with Cheniere Energy at the beginning of November. PGNiG has signed up a 1.45mtpa deal with LNG supplied by Cheniere’s Sabine Pass, Louisiana and Corpus Cristi, Texas liquefaction plants. The contract is for delivery on a DES basis directly to the 5Bcm/year Swinoujscie terminal in Poland. Poland is also looking to expand the import terminal to 7.5Bcm/year in part of the countries grander ambitions to become a LNG and gas trading hub.

PGNiG also farmed-in to the Tommeliten Alpha in the Norwegian North Sea on the upstream side at the end of October. See PGNiG expands footprint in Norway.

#PGNiG #LNG #Russia #Gazprom #VentureGlobal #Cheniere

Tuesday, 13 November 2018

Second chance for Petronas in West Africa


Following the recent disappointment at the Samo-1 well in The Gambia, Petronas has another chance in West Africa on the other side of the border in Senegal. Petronas is growing its West African exploration portfolio and is continuing its search for more acreage.

In August Petronas had farmed-in to 30% of Total's Rufisque Offshore Profond block, marking its entry into Senegal. Total retains 60% in the block with Société Nationale des Pétroles du Sénégal (Petrosen) holding the remaining 10%.

The block lies immediately to east to the Sangomar Deep block which contains the Cairn/Woodside/FAR SNE and FAN fields. The Rufisque Offshore Profond block covers 10,357km2 , with a water depth ranging from 100m to 3000m.

The partners now plan on the interpretation of the acquired 3D seismic data with exploration drilling activities planned to commence in 2019.


Related links:

#Petronas #Samo #FAR #Senegal #Gambia #Total #SNE #FAN

Hurricane's FPSO docked for changeover

Hurricane Energy has announced that the Aoka Mizu FPSO has been docked into Algeciras, Spain for planned personnel changes and bunkering.

The stopover will be extended to undertake a repair to an auxiliary system associated with power generation.

Commissioning activities will continue during its transit to the West of Shetlands as planned with first oil from the Lancaster field still on schedule for H1 2019.

The Aoka Mizu FPSO was designed and built and is owned by Bluewater Energy Services for operation as an FPSO in harsh environmental conditions. It was previously operated on the Ettrick and Blackbird fields in the North sea for Nexen Petroleum.

#Hurricane #Lancaster #AokaMizu #WOS

Friday, 9 November 2018

The Gambia's Samo-1 well disappoints


The JV in offshore Blocks A2/A5 has announced a disappointing result on the Samo-1 well. The JV, which comprises FAR Limited 40%, Petronas 40% and Erin Energy 20%, has hit water.

FAR Limited had prospective P50 resource estimates of 825mmbbl (gross unrisked) with a 55% geological chance of success. Wireline logs indicate that the target was water bearing. The Government of Gambia has now granted a six month extension to end of June 2019 to enable a thorough evaluation of the Samo-1 well result.

The blocks contain numerous other prospects including Saloo and Bambo for follow-up exploration. The findings from Samo-1 will guide next steps.

In the meantime, FAR Limited and its partners are continuing with the SNE development with development plans recently submitted to the Government of Senegal. FID for this 500+mmbbl development is targeting for end 2019 with first oil in 2022.


Related links:




Wednesday, 10 October 2018

Soco acquires Egypt-focussed Merlon Petroleum

SOCO is rebuilding its business with the proposed USD215 million acquisition of Merlon Petroleum.

Merlon will significantly diversify the SOCO business adding Egypt as a new base from which to build a MENA portfolio. The acquisition will double SOCO's 2P reserves and production through the addition of 24mmbbl of oil.

Merlon's key asset is its 100% interest in the El Fayum licence which currently produces at c.7,000bbopd. The block contains 37mmbbl of contingent resources for SOCO to exploit which could take production beyond 15,000bopd. Furthermore, the northern area of the block is unexplored which SOCO will be keen to go after - management has already mapped 20 leads and prospects to be drilled between now and 2020.


The acquisition is to be financed by a mix of cash (up to USD158 million), assumption of debt (USD22 million) and issuance of 66 million new shares to Merlon's existing shareholders. The acquisition is expected to complete in H1 2019.

Thursday, 20 September 2018

Verus acquires CIECO's UK North Sea portfolio


Verus has agreed to acquire Cieco Exploration & Production (UK) from parent ITOCHU Corporation for USD400 million. The effective date of the transaction is 1 January 2018.

The acquisition will includes a 23.1% interest in the Western Isles Development Project, a 25.8% interest in the Hudson field, a 2.0% interest in the Brent Pipeline System, and a 1.2% interest in the Sullom Voe terminal. This will add 11mboepd taking Verus' net production to c.18mboepd

The transaction will be funded by a combination of equity, existing cash reserves and debt. Equity will be provided by HitecVision, the majority owner of Verus.

Alan Curran, Chief Executive of Verus Petroleum commented:

"Verus is pleased to have signed this SPA with ITOCHU, which is aligned with our strategy to expand our production base and cash flow through the acquisition of high quality production assets. We are delighted to acquire high value barrels with the Western Isles production in particular having very low lifting costs and being a long-life asset with strong cash generation...

The Western Isles development includes the Harris and Barra oil fields. Production has exceeded expectations since it started in November 2017 and is currently on plateau at in excess of 40,000 boepd, with an estimated field life of 15 years.

HitecVision’s continued support provides Verus with a solid capital base which is a robust foundation for further growth."

Western Isles



The Western Isles project comprises the Harris and Barra fields, located south of Hudson. The two fields have been developed as subsea tie-backs to a new build cylindrical FPSO.  First production was originally envisaged to be in 2015, but delays to the construction of the FPSO topsides meant production was not achieved until November 2017.

Verus has therefore acquired the Western Isles post first oil with a few months of production history. The field is Dana Petroleum's (76.9%) first fully operated full development and therefore a landmark project for Dana.

The field is estimated to contain c.50mmbbl oil and c.2bcf gas, peaking at 40mbopd production. Produced gas will be used for fuel until the field becomes gas deficient at which time it will look to import gas.
Western Isles cylindrical FPSO